Mill feed blending
Blend stockpiled and hauled material to hold Cu and Cu:S in the mill feed steady while keeping mill feed production constant.
BlendOpt is a configurable optimisation platform for mining value chains. Configured for copper mine-to-mill optimisation, it decides how ROM material should be split into stockpiles, when to reclaim from each one and how to blend it, so mill feed stays stable in Cu and Cu:S while the mill runs at constant production.
Reduction in mill feed Cu:S variability after new ROM stockpile definitions and optimised reclaim across time.
Blending is optimised across the whole schedule, not one day at a time, and within the real limits of crushers, ore bins, stockpiles and haulage.
Blend stockpiled and hauled material to hold Cu and Cu:S in the mill feed steady while keeping mill feed production constant.
Define ROM stockpiles by quality, such as Cu, Cu:S and MgO, rather than by stope, so the plant always has useful blending material.
Decide what to reclaim and when over the whole schedule, avoiding the myopic results of solving one day at a time.
Respect crusher capacities, ROM stockpile capacity and crushed ore bin capacity in every blend and schedule.
Blend ore hauled from a nearby mine with different quality and unexpected impurity variations into a consistent mill feed.
Use a digital twin of the operation and cloud computing to rapidly compare stockpile configurations and blending strategies.
Results BlendOpt customers have measured in mill feed, stockpile and reclaim decisions.
Mill feed quality is set well before the mill, by how ROM ore from the mine plan is stockpiled, crushed and reclaimed.
BlendOpt takes the mine plan as an input and models every ROM stockpile, the crusher and ore bins and the processing plant together, so a change to one stockpile or blend is valued by its effect on recovery and concentrate grade. See how this works across metals mine-to-mill optimisation, with BlendOpt configured as gold mining software, in stockpile definition optimisation and in integrated mine planning and scheduling.
Stacking, reclaim and blending are optimised together across the whole schedule, within crusher, ore bin and stockpile capacities.
A copper operation used BlendOpt to test new ROM stockpile definitions and optimise reclaim across time, then implemented the recommended changes at site.



A company was using an Excel workbook to determine ROM stockpiling, reclaiming and mill feed blending schedules. The ROM was stockpiled by stope, with in-situ Cu:S between 0.1 and 0.5. Limited ROM stockpile capacity reduced the ability to retain material for future blending. Other constraints in the value chain were the crusher and crushed ore bin capacities. To complicate matters, they also blended materials hauled from a smaller, nearby mine with significantly different quality and unexpected variations in relevant impurities.
To maintain constant mill feed production, the operation was using mill feed with significant Cu:S variability. Plant operations needed to be adjusted regularly to accommodate Cu:S fluctuations. During each transition to new steady state operating conditions they experienced reductions in recovery and copper product grade, resulting in increased costs and reduced revenues.
Site technical services, A&I and geology teams believed changing their stockpile definitions and blending strategy might alleviate the issue, however optimising these decisions was complex, manual and time intensive. The Excel solvers only considered one day at a time, resulting in myopic behaviour unlikely to stabilise mill feed across the 13 week schedule. Each possible change in stockpile definitions required a new reclaim and blending schedule, greatly limiting the number of scenarios that could be investigated. This frustrating workflow, along with business-as-usual duties, made it difficult to allocate time to investigate their hypothesis, despite the significant ROI potential.
Using BlendOpt and collaborating with Paradyn, the customer investigated how changes to ROM stockpile definitions, combined with optimisation of reclaim across time, impacted Cu and Cu:S mill feed quality and stability. While satisfying constraints in the value chain (crusher capacities, ROM stockpile and crushed ore bin capacities, haulage from the nearby mine, mill feed quality and constant mill feed production) they wanted to understand:
Changes to ROM stockpile definitions and blending strategy over a 30-day period were investigated. The focused project allowed the company to optimise value quickly with minimal upfront investment. Following Paradyn’s system configuration with the client’s data, training was delivered and the system implemented. Working together, refinements were made to the BlendOpt digital twin of the customer’s operation, allowing the company to rapidly test various stockpile configurations and analyse the results. BlendOpt allowed the client to rapidly test different scenarios by leveraging the power of cloud computing to optimise blending holistically over the optimisation period instead of on a day-by-day basis.
BlendOpt identified an operation-specific combination of Cu, Cu:S and MgO stockpile definitions that enabled optimised feed control, with reductions in Cu:S variability from 0.4 to 0.03 in the mill feed, resulting in higher recovery and copper concentrate grade. This was different to their previous stockpiling strategy of allocating material by stope, an imperfect method for blend control. Recommended changes have been implemented at site.
How BlendOpt stabilises copper mill feed through stockpile definitions, reclaim and blending.
Copper mine-to-mill optimisation is deciding how run-of-mine (ROM) ore is stockpiled, reclaimed and blended between the mine and the mill so the plant receives stable, high-value feed. It takes the mine plan as an input and considers the whole downstream chain together, including stockpile capacity, crushers, ore bins and haulage from other mines. The aim is better recovery and concentrate grade, not just meeting daily tonnes.
When Cu:S in the mill feed fluctuates, plant operations have to be adjusted regularly to suit the new feed. During each transition to new steady state conditions, recovery and copper product grade can fall, raising costs and reducing revenue. In one BlendOpt case study, cutting Cu:S variability from 0.4 to 0.03 led to higher recovery and concentrate grade.
A solver that looks at one day at a time takes the best blend for today without regard for the material it leaves for tomorrow. That myopic behaviour makes it unlikely to stabilise mill feed over a multi-week schedule. BlendOpt optimises stacking, reclaim and blending holistically across the whole period.
Stockpiling by stope groups material by where it was mined, which is an imperfect method for blend control when in-situ quality varies. Defining stockpiles by quality, such as Cu, Cu:S and MgO, gives the plant material it can combine to hit its targets. BlendOpt can test many stockpile definitions quickly and show which combination gives the most stable feed.
BlendOpt is used for copper and gold mill feed, as well as coal and other metals and minerals operations. In one gold operation it replaced a complex Excel mill feed spreadsheet with more than 30 recovery calculations with a digital twin of the crusher, mill, stockpiles and recovery. The same approach applies wherever feed quality drives processing performance.
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